Number Data Type

1.     NUMBER is used to store numeric values in Oracle.

2.     Can store integers, decimals, and floating-point numbers.

3.     Supports optional precision (total digits) and scale (digits after the decimal).

4.     Syntax: NUMBER(p,s) where p is precision and s is scale.

5.     Maximum precision is 38 digits.

6.     If precision and scale are omitted, it can store any valid number.

7.     Can store positive and negative values.

8.     Used for arithmetic operations in SQL and PL/SQL.

9.     Takes variable storage depending on the value.

10.  Ideal for storing IDs, amounts, counts, or calculations.

Precision and Scale

1.     Precision is the total number of digits.

2.     Scale is the number of digits to the right of the decimal.

3.     Maximum precision is 38 digits.

4.     Scale can be negative.

5.     Default precision allows up to 38 digits.

6.     Default scale is 0 for integers.

7.     Precision must be between 1 and 38.

8.     Scale can range from -84 to 127.

9.     Scale cannot be greater than precision.

10.  Storage is variable-length depending on digits stored.

Data Type	Sample Value	Explanation
NUMBER	0	Zero value
NUMBER	1	Small positive integer
NUMBER	-1	Small negative integer
NUMBER	100	Positive integer
NUMBER	-100	Negative integer
NUMBER(5)	12345	Integer up to 5 digits
NUMBER(5)	-54321	Negative integer up to 5 digits
NUMBER(7,2)	12345.67	Total 7 digits, 2 decimal places
NUMBER(7,2)	-12345.67	Negative with 2 decimal places
NUMBER(10,0)	9876543210	Large integer, no decimal
NUMBER	0.0001	Small positive decimal
NUMBER	-0.0001	Small negative decimal
NUMBER	1E5	Scientific notation (100,000)
NUMBER	1.23E4	Scientific notation with decimal
NUMBER	-1.23E4	Negative scientific notation
NUMBER	NULL	No value
NUMBER(3,1)	12.3	Total 3 digits, 1 decimal
NUMBER(3,1)	-9.8	Negative decimal with 1 place
NUMBER(8,3)	12345.678	Total 8 digits, 3 decimal places
NUMBER	9999999999999999999999999999	Very large number, up to 38 digits