When should I use COMMIT?

 1. After a Successful Transaction

When you've finished a series of related DML operations (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) and confirmed everything is correct:

-- Example

UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 500 WHERE account_id = 1;

UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 500 WHERE account_id = 2;

COMMIT;

This ensures both operations are saved together — ensuring transactional integrity.

2. After a Batch Job or Data Load

When you're inserting or updating large volumes of data (e.g., from a script or batch job), you may:

• Commit periodically (e.g., every 1,000 rows), or
• Commit at the end of the load, once all data has been verified.

3. After Validation

Only issue a COMMIT after:

• You’ve validated data manually or programmatically.
• Business rules and constraints have been met.

4. To Release Locks

If your transaction is holding locks on rows/tables, other users may be blocked. COMMIT releases those locks:

• Especially important in multi-user environments.
• Prevents long-running uncommitted transactions from causing contention.

5. At Logical Boundaries

In long-running processes or scripts, commit at logical checkpoints:

FORALL i IN 1..10000

    INSERT INTO sales VALUES (...);

-- Commit after every 1000 records

IF MOD(i, 1000) = 0 THEN

    COMMIT;

END IF;

When NOT to Use COMMIT

🔸 After Every Statement (Unless Required)

• Avoid committing after every DML unless it's a completely independent change.
• Doing so breaks transaction consistency and makes rollback impossible.

🔸 Before Validating Data

• Don’t commit if you haven't verified the correctness of your changes.

🔸 Inside Triggers

• Oracle does not allow COMMIT inside triggers, as it would break transaction integrity.

Summary: Use COMMIT when...

Scenario	Use COMMIT?
All DML is successful and verified	✅ Yes
Before ROLLBACK possibility is needed	❌ No
After critical error or uncertainty	❌ No
To release locks after successful operation	✅ Yes
Inside a trigger	❌ Not allowed